Amalia Revisited-A Reanalysis of Amalia's Dreams with the Method Structural Dream Analysis.

Since Freud's "The interpretation of Dreams", working with dreams has continued to play a major role in psychoanalysis, though different perspectives have developed about the function and meaning of dreams. This controversy is discussed on the background of findings in empirical as well as clinical dream research. In this paper, the research method Structural Dream Analysis is introduced which investigates the changes in structure of dreams over the course of psychotherapy. The method is applied to the specimen case Amalia X, which is considered to be the best investigated case in the history of psychotherapy research. Based on the results from this case and from other studies, the implications for psychoanalytic dream theories, namely those of Jung and Freud, are discussed.

Analysis of a dream series by the Dream Coding System developed by Ulrich Moser.

This paper serves psychotherapeutic process research and shows the process of change in a psychodynamic, individual psychological psychotherapy by means of a theory-based content analysis of the dreams reported in this therapy. The analysis of the patient's dreams is carried out according to the dream coding method by Ulrich Moser and Vera Hortig (2019). The guiding question is about changes in positioning and interactions of the dream elements, how can they be determined and how (within the framework of the underlying dream generation theory) the influence of these changes on the patient's ability to regulate affect can be assessed. Dream coding according to Moser and Hortig uses only the manifest dream and can be regarded as a research tool that rests, among other things, on psychoanalytic concepts, while at the same time taking into account more recent findings in dream and affect research. Its focus is on the coding of the present dream experience and the transformation of dream elements both within individual dreams and in the course of an entire dream series. It allows, without knowledge of the biographical anamnesis and without using psychoanalytic interpretation methods, to recognize changes in the dream structure and the affect regulation produced by it. The coding system thus also offers the possibility of making comparisons regarding the therapeutic changes achieved and thus (at least potentially) the effectiveness of different treatment methods (cf. Leuzinger-Bohleber, 2008, p. 7 f.). The coding of several dreams, i.e. the manifest dream content as a dream series highlighted the patient's inner psychic change process: while the safety principle dominated the beginning, involvement increased and the use of the elements was more flexible and the interactions more mixed, to approach the initial dream again towards the end of the dream series. The coding indicates that the patient was able to increase her self-efficacy due to better containment of the emergent (dysfunctional) affects. This coding procedure serves as a promising empirical process assessment for carrying out single case studies.

A Phase Transition of the Unconscious: Automated Text Analysis of Dreams in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy.

AIM: Psychotherapy could be interpreted as a self-organizing process which reveals discontinuous pattern transitions (so-called phase transitions). Whereas this was shown in the conscious process of awake patients by different measures and at different time scales, dreams came very seldom into the focus of investigation. The present work tests the hypothesis that, by dreaming, the patient gets progressively more access to affective-laden (i.e., emotionally charged) unconscious dimensions. Furthermore, the study investigates if, over the course of psychotherapy, a discontinuous phase transition occurs in the patient's capacity to get in contact with those unconscious dimensions. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A series of 95 dream narratives reported during a psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a female patient (published as the "dreams of Amalie X") was used for analysis. An automated text analysis procedure based on multiple correspondence analysis was applied to the textual corpus of the dreams, highlighting a 10-factor structure. The factors, interpreted as affective-laden unconscious meaning dimensions, were adopted to define a 10-dimensional phase space, in which the ability of a dream to be associated with one or more local factors representing complex affective-laden meanings is measured by the Euclidean distance (ED) from the origin of this hyperspace. The obtained ED time series has been fitted by an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and by non linear methods like dynamic complexity, recurrence plot, and time frequency distribution. Change point analysis was applied to these non linear methods. RESULTS: The results show an increased frequency and intensity of dreams to get access to affective-laden meanings. Non linear methods identified a phase transition-like jump of the ED dynamics onto a higher complexity level of the dreaming process, suggesting a non linear process in the patient's capacity to get in contact with unconscious dimensions. CONCLUSION: The study corroborates the hypothesis that, by dreaming, the patient gets progressively more access to affective-laden meaning intended as unconscious dimensions. The trajectory of this process has been reproduced by an ARIMA model, and beyond this, non linear methods of time series analysis allowed the identification of a phase transition in the unconscious process of the psychoanalytic therapy under investigation.

A mística de Simone Weil e a análise dos sonhos: aproximações entre a fenomenologia e a psicologia analítica / The mystic of Simone Weil and the analysis of dreams: approximation between the phenomenology and the analytical psychology / El místico de Simone Weil y la analisis de los sueños: acercamiento entre la fenomenologia y la psicologia analítica

Neste trabalho, pretendemos fazer dialogar âmbitos da existência que raramente são vistos reunidos: a análise de sonhos, numa abordagem da Psicologia Analítica num encontro com a daseinsanálise, e a experiência mística. Para tanto, lançamos mão de um sonho de um de meus pacientes e os relatos de Simone Weil, mística judia do século XX. Nesse sentido, meu paciente trouxe um sonho emblemático no qual se evidencia que o âmbito espiritual de sua existência estava recebendo pouca atenção. Vemos que os sonhos podem assumir o papel de apontar ao Dasein que diferentes âmbitos existenciais estão sendo negligenciados. De modo semelhante, para a Psicologia Analítica, a individuação apresenta-se como encontro de âmbitos inconscientes da existência não considerados pelo caráter unilateral da consciência. A experiência mística, entendida como relação de pessoalidade com Deus, no cristianismo, é um desses âmbitos e, quando negligenciada, pode produzir uma limitação na liberdade existencial do indivíduo. O mundo técnico parece desqualificar experiências não apreensíveis pela razão lógica, mas a existência pode sustentar sua essencial liberdade e permanecer aberta, plural e afeita às explosões de possibilidades que o Dasein, em última instância, é. A daseinsanálise é prática psicoterápica apoiada na Fenomenologia Hermenêutica de Heidegger e aponta para o acolhimento da diversidade infindável de possibilidades existenciais que perpassam o Dasein. Para a Psicologia Analítica, o processo de individuação, que recebe dos sonhos sentidos próprios, aponta na direção de diálogo profícuo entre a consciência e o universo plural, dinâmico e aberto do inconsciente. O mistério, doador de sentidos, pode ser um ângulo donde é possível um encontro entre a Fenomenologia e a Psicologia Analítica.

In this work, we intend to make ambits of existence that are rarely seen together dialogue: dream analysis, in an approach of Analytical Psychology in an encounter with daseinsanalysis, and the mystical experience. To this end, we made use of a dream from one of my patients and Simone Weil's reports, a mystical Jew from the 20th Century. In this sense, my patient brought an emblematic dream which revealed that the spiritual ambit of his existence was receiving little attention. We see that dreams can assume the role of pointing to Dasein that different existential ambits are being neglected. Similarly, for Analytical Psychology, individuation presents itself as an encounter of unconscious ambits of existence not considered by the unilateral feature of consciousness. The mystical experience, understood as the personal relationship with God, in Christianity, is one of these ambits and, when neglected, can produce a limitation on the existential liberty of the individual. The technical world seems to disqualify experiences that are not apprehensible by logical reason, but the existence can sustain the essential liberty and remain open, plural and prone to the explosion of possibilities that Dasein, ultimately, is. The daseinsanalys is a psychotherapeutic practice sustained by Heidegger's Hermeneutic Phenomenology and points to welcoming the everlasting diversity of existential possibilities that cross Dasein. For the Analytical Psychology, the process of individuation, which receives from dreams its own senses, points towards a fertile dialogue between consciousness and the plural universe, dynamic and open from the unconscious. The mystery, donor of meanings, can be an angle from which a meeting between Phenomenology and Analytical Psychology is possible.

En el presente trabajo pretendemos hacer dialogar diferentes ámbitos de la existencia que raramente son vistos juntos: el análisis de los sueños en un abordaje de la Psicología Analítica en encuentro con el análisis existencial (daseinanálise) y la experiencia mística. Para esto, tomamos un sueño de uno de mis pacientes y los relatos de Simone Weil, mística judía del siglo XX. En este sentido, mi paciente trajo un sueño emblemático en el cual se evidencia que el ámbito espiritual de su existencia estaba recibiendo poca atención. Observamos que los sueños pueden asumir el papel de señalar al Dasein que diferentes ámbitos existenciales están siendo descuidados. De modo similar, para la Psicología Analítica, la individuación se presenta como el encuentro de ámbitos inconscientes de la existencia no considerados por el carácter unilateral de la consciencia. Por otra parte, la experiencia mística, entendida como la relación de la personalidad con Dios, en el cristianismo, es uno de esos ámbitos y cuando es descuidada puede producir una limitación en la libertad existencial del individuo. El mundo técnico parece descalificar las experiencias no comprensibles por la razón lógica, sin embargo, la existencia puede mantener su esencial libertad y permanecer abierta, plural y afectiva ante las explosiones de posibilidades que el Dasein, en última instancia es. El análisis existencial es una práctica psicoterapéutica apoyada en la Fenomenología Hermenéutica de Heidegger y apunta al acogimiento de una infinita diversidad de posibilidades existenciales que atraviesan el Dasein. Para la Psicología Analítica, el proceso de individuación - que recibe de los sueños sentidos propios-, señala en dirección a un diálogo prolífico entre la consciencia y el universo plural, dinámico y abierto del inconsciente. Finalmente, el misterio, donador de sentidos, puede ser un ángulo por el cual es posible un encuentro entre la Fenomenología y la Psicología Analítica.

The experience of transplantation as reflected in dream life: A case study illustrating the mental processing of a lung transplant.

Although it is well known that a lung transplant enhances the recipient's quality of life, our knowledge of how it is processed mentally is limited. In this study, interviews were conducted with a lung-transplant patient two weeks, three months, and six months after surgery so as to investigate the relevant unconscious processing mechanisms. A dream reported in the first interview was analysed in accordance withapplying the Zurich Dream Process Coding System. A 'transplantation complex' was reconstructed on the basis of various sources of information (the dream and the waking narratives). The principal aspects of the transplantation complex that emerged from both the dream and the waking narratives concerned the oral-sadistic phantasy that the donor had been killed and that his lung, or soul, had been violently incorporated in the patient. The main unconscious themes involved in the processing of the transplant were found to have been already laid down in the dream and to have been presented in it in the form of visual analogues. According to our interpretation of the data analysed, powerful cannibalistic phantasies and death wishes played an important part in the processing of the transplant. These archaic phantasies may have been actualized by the transplant.

A mística de Simone Weil e a análise dos sonhos: aproximações fenomenológicas / Simone Weil's Mystics and the Analysis of Dreams: Phenomenological Approaches

Neste trabalho, pretendemos fazer dialogar âmbitos da existência que raramente são vistos reunidos: a análise de sonhos, numa abordagem daseinsanalítica, e a experiência mística. Para tanto, lançamos mão de um sonho de um de meus pacientes e os relatos de Simone Weil, mística judia do século XX. Nesse sentido, meu paciente trouxe um sonho emblemático onde evidencia-se que o âmbito espiritual de sua existência estava recebendo pouca atenção. Vemos que os sonhos podem assumir o papel de apontar ao Dasein que diferentes âmbitos existenciais estão sendo negligenciados. A experiência mística, entendida como relação de pessoalidade com Deus, é um desses âmbitos e, quando negligenciada, pode produzir uma limitação na liberdade existencial do dasein. O mundo técnico parece desqualificar experiências não apreensíveis pela razão lógica, mas a existência pode sustentar sua essencial liberdade e permanecer aberta, plural e afeita às explosões de possibilidades que o Dasein, em última instância, é. A daseinsanálise é prática psicoterápica apoiada na fenomenologia hermenêutica de Heidegger e aponta para o acolhimento da diversidade infindável de possibilidades existenciais que atravessam o Dasein

In this work, we intend to relate different scopes of existence, which are rarely connected: dream analysis, in a daseinsanalysis approach, and the mystic experience. For that purpose, we resorted to a dream of one of my patients and Simone Weil's reports, a mystic Jew who lived in the XX century.In these terms, my patient brought an iconic dream,revealing that the spiritual sphere of his existence was lacking the necessary attention. We can affirm that dreams play the role of showing the Dasein the existential scopes thatare being neglected. The mystic experience, understood as the personal relationship with God, is one of these areas and, when neglected, can limit the existential freedom of dasein. The technical world seems to disqualify any experiences that are not apprehensible by logical reason, but the existence can sustain its essential freedom and remain open, multiple andinured to the variety of possibilities that the Dasein, ultimately, represents. Thedaseinsanalysis is a psychotherapeutic practice sustained by Heidegger's hermeneutics phenomenology and points to welcoming the everlasting diversity of existential possibilities that integrate the Dasein

The future of dream science.

This article describes the future prospects of scientific dream research. Three frontiers of investigation hold special promise: neuroscientific studies of the brain-mind system's activities during sleep (such as during lucid dreaming); systematic analyses of large collections of dream reports from diverse populations of people; and psychotherapeutic explorations of the multiple dimensions of personal and collective meaning woven into the dream experiences of each individual. Several helpful books on the science of sleep and dreaming are mentioned for further study.

HANSEL AND GRETEL: A TALE OF TERROR.

In the analysis of a woman with multiple childhood traumas, the fairy tale "Hansel and Gretel" figured prominently. The author discusses the use of the fairy tale in this case at various levels. He suggests an interplay between a national myth, the fairy tale, and a personal myth-the patient's psychodynamics. The fairy tale can be used to illuminate personal meanings derived from it. In the experience of childhood trauma, the repeated reading of a fairy tale can help organize and defend against terrifying anxiety.

O sonhar social: uma experiência no Brasil / Social dreaming: an experience in Brazil

A matriz do sonhar social é um dispositivo criado com a finalidade de apreender o significado social dos sonhos. Buscamos avaliar sua aplicação no contexto brasileiro e cogitamos sobre suas potencialidades em processos de intervenção psicológica. Foram realizados encontros de compartilhamento de sonhos com dois grupos: 14 profissionais de gestão de pessoas de uma instituição financeira nacional e seis psicólogos formandos e recém-formados de uma universidade pública federal. Utilizamos a técnica de observação participante e questionários de avaliação de reação, procedendo à avaliação qualitativa das informações. Constatamos a aplicabilidade do dispositivo e formulamos hipótese sobre a utilização da matriz em intervenção psicológica.(AU)

The social dreaming matrix is a device created for the purpose of grasping the social meaning of dreams. We tried to evaluate its application in the context of Brazil and theorized about its potential in processes of psychological intervention. Meetings were held to share dreams with two groups: 14 human management professionals of a national financial institution and six trainees and graduates in Psychology of a federal public university. The information gathered with the technique of participant observation and reaction evaluating questionnaires was interpreted using qualitative methods. The applicability of the device was verified and a hypothesis was formulated about the use of the matrix in psychological intervention.(AU)

O Sonhar social: uma experiência no Brasil / Social dreaming: an experience in Brazil

A matriz do sonhar social é um dispositivo criado com a finalidade de apreender o significado social dos sonhos. Buscamos avaliar sua aplicação no contexto brasileiro e cogitamos sobre suas potencialidades em processos de intervenção psicológica. Foram realizados encontros de compartilhamento de sonhos com dois grupos: 14 profissionais de gestão de pessoas de uma instituição financeira nacional e seis psicólogos formandos e recém-formados de uma universidade pública federal. Utilizamos a técnica de observação participante e questionários de avaliação de reação, procedendo à avaliação qualitativa das informações. Constatamos a aplicabilidade do dispositivo e formulamos hipótese sobre a utilização da matriz em intervenção psicológica.

The social dreaming matrix is a device created for the purpose of grasping the social meaning of dreams. We tried to evaluate its application in the context of Brazil and theorized about its potential in processes of psychological intervention. Meetings were held to share dreams with two groups: 14 human management professionals of a national financial institution and six trainees and graduates in Psychology of a federal public university. The information gathered with the technique of participant observation and reaction evaluating questionnaires was interpreted using qualitative methods. The applicability of the device was verified and a hypothesis was formulated about the use of the matrix in psychological intervention.

Os sonhos nas diferentes abordagens psicológicas: apontamentos para a prática psicoterápica / Los sueños en los diferentes abordajes psicológicos: notas para la práctica de la psicoterapia / The dreams in different psychological approaches: notes for psychotherapy practice

A análise dos sonhos está presente como tema de interesse desde a Antiguidade, dentro e fora da Psicologia. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica nacional a respeito do tema. Por meio de uma seleção sistemática nas bases LILACS, SciELO e PePSIC, entre 2001 e 2011, foram recuperados oito artigos. Constata-se, de forma geral, a pequena quantidade de estudos destinados especificamente ao tema. Destaca-se neles a concepção defendida por cada abordagem psicológica acerca da causalidade, função e uso do sonho dentro da prática psicoterápica. Discorre-se, posteriormente, sobre semelhanças e diferenças entre as diferentes formas de compreender os sonhos. Evidencia-se a grande divergência em relação aos pressupostos de cada abordagem, não sendo encontrados exercícios no sentido de uma leitura integradora ou problematizadora.(AU)

Dream analysis is subject of interest since Antiquity, inside and outside the Psychology field. The aim of this study is to present a national integrative literature review concering the theme. Through a systematic selection in LILACS, SciELO e PePSIC, between 2001 and 2011, eight articles were retrieved. There is, in general, a small number of studies aimed specifically at the subject. Among them, ideas defended by each psychological pratice are presented. They concern causality, function of dreams and dream work in psychotherapeutic practice. In addition, similitudes and differences are discussed in different perspectives of understanding dreams. It has been made evident that the subject is controversial amongst them. Efforts in order to build and integrative or questioning paper were not found.(AU)

El análisis de los sueños esta presente como un tema de interés desde la antigüedad, dentro y fuera de la Psicología. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una revisión integral de la literatura científica nacional al respecto del tema. Por medio de una selección sistemática de las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO y PePSIC, entre 2001 y 2011, fueron recuperados ocho artículos. De manera general se comprueba la pequeña cantidad de estudios destinados específicamente al tema. Se destaca en ellos el concepto defendido en cada abordaje psicológico a cerca de las causalidades, funciones y usos de los sueños dentro de la práctica psicoterapéutica. Se relata posteriormente, las semejanzas y diferencias entre las diferentes formas de comprender los sueños. Es evidente la gran divergencia en relación a los principios de cada abordaje, no siendo encontrados ejercicios referentes a una lectura integradora o problematizada.(AU)

Os sonhos nas diferentes abordagens psicológicas: apontamentos para a prática psicoterápica / Los sueños en los diferentes abordajes psicológicos: notas para la práctica de la psicoterapia / The dreams in different psychological approaches: notes for psychotherapy practice

A análise dos sonhos está presente como tema de interesse desde a Antiguidade, dentro e fora da Psicologia. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica nacional a respeito do tema. Por meio de uma seleção sistemática nas bases LILACS, SciELO e PePSIC, entre 2001 e 2011, foram recuperados oito artigos. Constata-se, de forma geral, a pequena quantidade de estudos destinados especificamente ao tema. Destaca-se neles a concepção defendida por cada abordagem psicológica acerca da causalidade, função e uso do sonho dentro da prática psicoterápica. Discorre-se, posteriormente, sobre semelhanças e diferenças entre as diferentes formas de compreender os sonhos. Evidencia-se a grande divergência em relação aos pressupostos de cada abordagem, não sendo encontrados exercícios no sentido de uma leitura integradora ou problematizadora.

Dream analysis is subject of interest since Antiquity, inside and outside the Psychology field. The aim of this study is to present a national integrative literature review concering the theme. Through a systematic selection in LILACS, SciELO e PePSIC, between 2001 and 2011, eight articles were retrieved. There is, in general, a small number of studies aimed specifically at the subject. Among them, ideas defended by each psychological pratice are presented. They concern causality, function of dreams and dream work in psychotherapeutic practice. In addition, similitudes and differences are discussed in different perspectives of understanding dreams. It has been made evident that the subject is controversial amongst them. Efforts in order to build and integrative or questioning paper were not found.

El análisis de los sueños esta presente como un tema de interés desde la antigüedad, dentro y fuera de la Psicología. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una revisión integral de la literatura científica nacional al respecto del tema. Por medio de una selección sistemática de las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO y PePSIC, entre 2001 y 2011, fueron recuperados ocho artículos. De manera general se comprueba la pequeña cantidad de estudios destinados específicamente al tema. Se destaca en ellos el concepto defendido en cada abordaje psicológico a cerca de las causalidades, funciones y usos de los sueños dentro de la práctica psicoterapéutica. Se relata posteriormente, las semejanzas y diferencias entre las diferentes formas de comprender los sueños. Es evidente la gran divergencia en relación a los principios de cada abordaje, no siendo encontrados ejercicios referentes a una lectura integradora o problematizada.

O trabalho com sonhos na clínica das psicoses não decididas da infância / The work with dreams in the clinic of the non-decided psychosis in the childhood / El trabajo com sieños en la clínica de las psicosis no decididas de la infancia

Este artigo propõe o trabalho de análise de sonhos como um recurso importante, nos casos das psicoses não decididas da infância, para permitir encontrar imagens e significantes para situações que não puderam ser simbolizadas, pela falta de função do Nome-do-Pai, ainda não inscrito.

This paper proposes the work of analysis of dreams like an important resort to the non-decided psychosis cases in the childhood to find images and significants to the situations which couldn't be symbolized by the absence of function of the Name-of-Father, unscripted yet.

Este articulo aborda el trabajo de análisis de sueños como un importante recurso en los casos de psicosis no-decididas de la infancia, para encontrar imágenes y significants para situaciones que no pudieran ser simbolizadas por la carencia de la función de lo Nombre-del-Padre aínda no inscrita.